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Question #1

What is an advantage of using dynamic application security testing (DAST) over static application security testing (SAST) methodology?

A . DAST is slower but thorough.
B . Unlike SAST, DAST is a black box and programming language agnostic.
C . DAST can dynamically integrate with most continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) tools.
D . DAST delivers more false positives than SAST

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Question #2

Who should define what constitutes a policy violation?

A . The external auditor
B . The organization
C . The Internet service provider (ISP)
D . The cloud provider

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Richtige Antwort: B
B

Explanation:

The organization should define what constitutes a policy violation. A policy violation refers to the breach or violation of a written policy or rule of the organization. A policy or rule is a statement that defines the expectations, standards, or requirements for the behavior, conduct, or performance of the organization’s members, such as employees, customers, partners, or suppliers. Policies and rules can be based on various sources, such as laws, regulations, contracts, agreements, principles, values, ethics, or best practices12.

The organization should define what constitutes a policy violation because it is responsible for establishing, communicating, enforcing, and monitoring its own policies and rules. The organization should also define the consequences and remedies for policy violations, such as warnings, sanctions, penalties, termination, or legal action. The organization should ensure that its policies and rules are clear, consistent, fair, and aligned with its mission, vision, and goals12.

The other options are not correct.

Option A, the external auditor, is incorrect because the external auditor is an independent party that provides assurance or verification of the organization’s financial statements, internal controls, compliance status, or performance. The external auditor does not define the organization’s policies and rules, but evaluates them against relevant standards or criteria3.

Option C, the Internet service provider (ISP), is incorrect because the ISP is a company that provides access to the Internet and related services to the organization. The ISP does not define the organization’s policies and rules, but may have its own policies and rules that the organization has to comply with as a customer4.

Option D, the cloud provider, is incorrect because the cloud provider is a company that provides cloud computing services to the organization. The cloud provider does not define the organization’s policies and rules, but may have its own policies and rules that the organization has to comply with as a customer5.

Reference: = Policy Violation Definition | Law Insider1

How to Write Policies and Procedures | Smartsheet2 What is an External Auditor? – Definition from Safeopedia3

What is an Internet Service Provider (ISP)? – Definition from Techopedia4 What is Cloud Provider? – Definition from Techopedia

Question #3

Which of the following is the BEST control framework for a European manufacturing corporation that is migrating to the cloud?

A . CSA’sGDPRCoC
B . EUGDPR
C . NIST SP 800-53
D . PCI-DSS

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Question #4

An auditor identifies that a cloud service provider received multiple customer inquiries and requests for proposal (RFPs) during the last month.

Which of the following

What should be the BEST recommendation to reduce the provider’s burden?

A . The provider can answer each customer individually.
B . The provider can direct all customer inquiries to the information in the CSA STAR registry.
C . The provider can schedule a call with each customer.
D . The provider can share all security reports with customers to streamline the process

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Question #5

To qualify for CSA STAR attestation for a particular cloud system, the SOC 2 report must cover:

A . Cloud Controls Matrix (CCM) and ISO/IEC 27001:2013 controls.
B . ISO/IEC 27001:2013 controls.
C . all Cloud Controls Matrix (CCM) controls and TSPC security principles.
D . maturity model criteria.

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Question #6

Which of the following is the MOST significant difference between a cloud risk management program and a traditional risk management program?

A . Virtualization of the IT landscape
B . Shared responsibility model
C . Risk management practices adopted by the cloud service provider
D . Hosting sensitive information in the cloud environment

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Richtige Antwort: B
B

Explanation:

The most significant difference between a cloud risk management program and a traditional risk management program is the shared responsibility model. The shared responsibility model is the division of security and compliance responsibilities between the cloud service provider and the cloud service customer, depending on the type of cloud service model (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS). The shared responsibility model implies that both parties have to collaborate and coordinate to ensure that the cloud service meets the required level of security and compliance, as well as to identify and mitigate any risks that may arise from the cloud environment123.

Virtualization of the IT landscape (A) is a difference between a cloud risk management program and a traditional risk management program, but it is not the most significant one. Virtualization of the IT

landscape refers to the abstraction of physical IT resources, such as servers, storage, network, or applications, into virtual ones that can be accessed and managed over the internet. Virtualization of the IT landscape enables the cloud service provider to offer scalable, flexible, and efficient cloud services to the cloud service customer. However, virtualization of the IT landscape also introduces new risks, such as data leakage, unauthorized access, misconfiguration, or performance degradation123.

Risk management practices adopted by the cloud service provider © are a difference between a cloud risk management program and a traditional risk management program, but they are not the most significant one. Risk management practices adopted by the cloud service provider refer to the methods or techniques that the cloud service provider uses to identify, assess, treat, monitor, and report on the risks that affect their cloud services. Risk management practices adopted by the cloud service provider may include policies, standards, procedures, controls, audits, certifications, or attestations that demonstrate their security and compliance posture. However, risk management practices adopted by the cloud service provider are not sufficient or reliable on their own, as they may not cover all aspects of cloud security and compliance, or may not align with the expectations or requirements of the cloud service customer123.

Hosting sensitive information in the cloud environment (D) is a difference between a cloud risk management program and a traditional risk management program, but it is not the most significant one. Hosting sensitive information in the cloud environment refers to storing or processing data that are confidential, personal, or valuable in the cloud infrastructure or platform that is owned and operated by the cloud service provider. Hosting sensitive information in the cloud environment can offer benefits such as cost savings, accessibility, availability, or backup. However, hosting sensitive information in the cloud environment also poses risks such as data breaches, privacy violations, compliance failures, or legal disputes123.

Reference: = Cloud Risk Management – ISACA

Cloud Risk Management: A Primer for Security Professionals – Infosec …

Cloud Risk Management: A Primer for Security Professionals – Infosec …

Question #7

Which of the following is the PRIMARY area for an auditor to examine in order to understand the criticality of the cloud services in an organization, along with their dependencies and risks?

A . Contractual documents of the cloud service provider
B . Heat maps
C . Data security process flow
D . Turtle diagram

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Richtige Antwort: B
B

Explanation:

Heat maps are graphical representations of data that use color-coding to show the relative intensity, frequency, or magnitude of a variable1. Heat maps can be used to visualize the criticality of the cloud services in an organization, along with their dependencies and risks, by mapping the cloud services to different dimensions, such as business impact, availability, security, performance, cost, etc. Heat maps can help auditors identify the most important or vulnerable cloud services, as well as the relationships and trade-offs among them2.

For example, Azure Charts provides heat maps for various aspects of Azure cloud services, such as updates, trends, pillars, areas, geos, categories, etc3. These heat maps can help auditors understand the current state and dynamics of Azure cloud services and compare them across different dimensions4.

Contractual documents of the cloud service provider are the legal agreements that define the terms and conditions of the cloud service, including the roles, responsibilities, and obligations of the parties involved. They may provide some information on the criticality of the cloud services in an organization, but they are not as visual or comprehensive as heat maps. Data security process flow is a diagram that shows the steps and activities involved in protecting data from unauthorized access, use, modification, or disclosure. It may help auditors understand the data security controls and risks of the cloud services in an organization, but it does not cover other aspects of criticality, such as business impact or performance. Turtle diagram is a tool that helps analyze a process by showing its inputs, outputs, resources, criteria, methods, and interactions. It may help auditors understand the process flow and dependencies of the cloud services in an organization, but it does not show the relative importance or risks of each process element.

Reference: What is a Heat Map? Definition from WhatIs.com1, section on Heat Map

Cloud Computing Security Considerations | Cyber.gov.au2, section on Cloud service criticality Azure Charts – Clarity for the Cloud3, section on Heat Maps Azure Services Overview4, section on Heat Maps

Cloud Services Due Diligence Checklist | Trust Center, section on How to use the checklist

Data Security Process Flow – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics, section on Data Security Process Flow

What is a Turtle Diagram? Definition from WhatIs.com, section on Turtle Diagram

Question #8

Which of the following is MOST useful for an auditor to review when seeking visibility into the cloud supply chain for a newly acquired Software as a Service (SaaS) solution?

A . SaaS provider contract
B . Payments made by the service owner
C . SaaS vendor white papers
D . Cloud compliance obligations register

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Richtige Antwort: A
A

Explanation:

The most useful document for an auditor to review when seeking visibility into the cloud supply chain for a newly acquired Software as a Service (SaaS) solution is the SaaS provider contract. The contract is the legal agreement that defines the terms and conditions of the cloud service, including the roles, responsibilities, and obligations of the parties involved1. The contract should also specify the service level agreements (SLAs), security and privacy requirements, data ownership and governance, incident response and reporting, audit rights and access, and subcontracting or outsourcing arrangements of the SaaS provider2. By reviewing the contract, the auditor can gain insight into the cloud supply chain and assess the risks, controls, and compliance of the SaaS solution.

The other options are not as useful as the SaaS provider contract. Payments made by the service owner are the financial transactions that reflect the fees or charges incurred by using the SaaS solution. They may indicate the usage or consumption of the cloud service, but they do not provide much information about the cloud supply chain or its security and compliance aspects3. SaaS vendor white papers are the marketing or educational materials that describe the features, benefits, or best practices of the SaaS solution. They may provide some general or technical information about the cloud service, but they are not legally binding or verifiable4. Cloud compliance obligations register is a tool that helps customers identify and track their compliance requirements and obligations for using cloud services. It may help customers understand their own responsibilities and risks in relation to the cloud service, but it does not necessarily reflect the compliance status or performance of the SaaS provider5.

Reference: Cloud Services Due Diligence Checklist | Trust Center1, section on How to use the checklist Cloud Computing Security Considerations | Cyber.gov.au2, section on Contractual arrangements Cloud Computing Pricing Models: A Comparison – DZone Cloud3, section on Pricing Models What is a White Paper? Definition from WhatIs.com4, section on White Paper

Cloud Compliance Obligations Register | Cyber.gov.au5, section on Cloud Compliance Obligations Register

Question #9

What is a sign that an organization has adopted a shift-left concept of code release cycles?

A . Large entities with slower release cadences and geographically dispersed systems
B . A waterfall model to move resources through the development to release phases
C . Maturity of start-up entities with high-iteration to low-volume code commits
D . Incorporation of automation to identify and address software code problems early

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Question #10

Which of the following MOST enhances the internal stakeholder decision-making process for the remediation of risks identified from an organization’s cloud compliance program?

A . Automating risk monitoring and reporting processes
B . Reporting emerging threats to senior stakeholders
C . Establishing ownership and accountability
D . Monitoring key risk indicators (KRIs) for multi-cloud environments

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Richtige Antwort: C
C

Explanation:

Establishing ownership and accountability most enhances the internal stakeholder decision-making process for the remediation of risks identified from an organization’s cloud compliance program. Cloud compliance refers to the principle that cloud-delivered systems must comply with the standards required by their customers. Compliance requirements may include data protection regulations such as HIPAA, PCI DSS, GDPR, ISO/IEC 27001, NIST, and SOX. A cloud compliance program is a set of policies, procedures, and controls that help an organization to achieve and maintain compliance with these requirements12.

A cloud compliance program involves identifying, assessing, prioritizing, and mitigating the risks associated with using cloud services. To effectively manage these risks, an organization needs to establish ownership and accountability for each risk and its remediation. Ownership and accountability mean assigning clear roles and responsibilities to the internal stakeholders who are involved in the cloud compliance program, such as the cloud service provider, the cloud customer, the cloud users, the cloud auditors, and the cloud regulators. By doing so, an organization can ensure that the internal stakeholders have the authority, resources, and incentives to make timely and informed decisions for the remediation of risks123.

The other options are not the most effective ways to enhance the internal stakeholder decision-making process for the remediation of risks.

Option A, automating risk monitoring and reporting processes, is a good practice for improving the efficiency and accuracy of the cloud compliance program, but it does not address the issue of who is responsible for making decisions based on the monitoring and reporting results.

Option B, reporting emerging threats to senior stakeholders, is a good practice for increasing the awareness and visibility of the cloud compliance program, but it does not address the issue of how to prioritize and respond to the emerging threats.

Option D, monitoring key risk indicators (KRIs) for multi-cloud environments, is a good practice for measuring and tracking the performance and effectiveness of the cloud compliance program, but it does not address the issue of how to align and coordinate the decisions across different cloud environments123.

Reference: =

Cloud Compliance Frameworks: What You Need to Know1

Cloud Compliance: What It Is + 8 Best Practices for Improving It2

Cloud Computing: Auditing Challenges – ISACA