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Question #11

Which one of the following statements correctly describes how product quality risks should be mitigated and managed? SELECT ONE OPTION

A . The number of people dedicated to analysis, design and execution should be proportional to the level of risk identified.
B . The number of test levels should address the different priorities of identified product quality risks.
C . The amount of time dedicated to analysis, design and execution of tests should be based on the assessed level of risk.
D . The size of the test team should be proportional to the number of high priority product quality risks identified.

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Question #12

You have done a comprehensive risk analysis. You have involved the appropriate people in assessing the risks and determining the likelihood and impact of those risks. You have been testing for three months and have been able to mitigate 75% of the high risk items. You have two weeks left in testing and you now do not expect to be able to complete all the items on the high-risk mitigation list, never mind any from the medium or low-risk lists.

What is the most effective action you should take? [3]

A . Use a random selection algorithm to pick tests from the high, medium, and low risk mitigation lists – thereby ensuring that each risk list has some mitigation.
B . Present your risk mitigation progress and project status to the project’s stakeholders, and request additional time or assistance in re-prioritizing the remaining high-risk items.
C . Concentrate testing in areas that have already found numerous problems.
D . Retest the highest risk areas to ensure no regressions have occurred.

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Question #13

Your company just won a contract to create a new sales application and has committed to a very aggressive delivery timeline. Due to the quick turnaround your primary stakeholder wants to be heavily involved in the design and is very anxious to see the outcome. Because of this, your company has decided to use a spiral development approach. You have a defined test policy and typically use an analytical approach to testing, however, this approach will not work with the development approach.

What test strategy should be utilized? [3]

A . Model-based
B . Methodical
C . Standard-compliant
D . Reactive

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Richtige Antwort: D
D

Explanation:

A reactive test strategy is a test strategy that uses the actual behavior and results of the software under test to design and execute tests, without prior knowledge or documentation of the software1. A reactive test strategy should be utilized for a project that uses a spiral development approach, which is a type of iterative/incremental approach that adds risk analysis and prototyping activities to each iteration2. A reactive test strategy is suitable for a spiral development approach because it allows for flexibility, adaptability, and creativity in the testing process, as well as for early feedback, risk reduction, and continuous improvement in the software development process3. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

Option A is incorrect because a model-based test strategy is a test strategy that uses models to represent the desired behavior and structure of the software under test, and to derive test cases, test data, test procedures, and test oracles. A model-based test strategy may not work well with a spiral development approach, as it requires the availability and stability of the models, which may not be the case in a spiral development approach that involves frequent changes and refinements of the software under test.

Option B is incorrect because a methodical test strategy is a test strategy that uses predefined test methods, techniques, and procedures to design and execute tests, such as equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, or decision table testing. A methodical test strategy may not work well with a spiral development approach, as it requires the availability and stability of the test basis, such as the requirements, specifications, or design documents, which may not be the case in a spiral development approach that involves frequent changes and refinements of the software under test.

Option C is incorrect because a standard-compliant test strategy is a test strategy that follows a predefined set of standards, guidelines, or regulations to design and execute tests, such as ISO, IEEE, or CMMI. A standard-compliant test strategy may not work well with a spiral development approach, as it requires the compliance and consistency of the testing process, which may not be the case in a spiral development approach that involves frequent changes and refinements of the software under test.

Reference: 1: ISTQB Glossary, Reactive Test Strategy 2: ISTQB Glossary, Spiral Model 3: ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager Syllabus, Section 1.1.1: Spiral Model in Software Development Life Cycle – Software Testing Material: Spiral Model – Tools QA: Strategic Test Management – ISTQB not-for-profit association: ISTQB Glossary, Model-Based Testing: ISTQB Glossary, Methodical Test Strategy: ISTQB Glossary, Standard-Compliant Test Strategy: ISTQB Foundation Level #39 C Test Approach and Strategy – Software Testing Mentor

Question #14

Which of the following is a factor that is likely to increase the test estimate? [1]

A . Use of a new technology
B . A requirement for high level test documentation
C . Assigned personnel who are experienced on working with similar projects in similar environments
D . Static test data

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Richtige Antwort: A
A

Explanation:

A test estimate is an approximation of the amount of effort, time, and resources required to perform testing activities for a software project1. A test estimate can be influenced by various factors, such as the size, complexity, and quality of the software, the scope, objectives, and approach of the testing, the skills, experience, and availability of the test team, the tools, methods, and standards used for testing, and the constraints, risks, and assumptions related to the project2. One of the factors that is likely to increase the test estimate is the use of a new technology. A new technology is a technology that is unfamiliar or unproven to the test team or the organization, such as a new programming language, framework, platform, or tool3. The use of a new technology can increase the test estimate because it may require more time and effort to learn, understand, and apply the technology, as well as to deal with potential issues, challenges, or limitations that may arise from the technology.

Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

Option B is incorrect because a requirement for high level test documentation is not a factor that is likely to increase the test estimate, but rather a factor that is likely to increase the test documentation effort. Test documentation is the set of documents that describe the test basis, test objectives, test design, test procedures, test results, and test evaluation of a software project. A requirement for high level test documentation means that the test documents need to be detailed, comprehensive, and consistent, which may require more time and effort to produce, review, and maintain. However, this does not necessarily affect the test estimate, as the test documentation effort can be considered as a separate or parallel activity to the test execution effort.

Option C is incorrect because assigned personnel who are experienced on working with similar projects in similar environments is not a factor that is likely to increase the test estimate, but rather a factor that is likely to decrease the test estimate. Experienced personnel are personnel who have the relevant knowledge, skills, and abilities to perform the testing activities for a software project. Assigned personnel who are experienced on working with similar projects in similar environments can decrease the test estimate because they may require less time and effort to understand, design, implement, and execute the tests, as well as to deal with potential issues, challenges, or limitations that may arise from the project.

Option D is incorrect because static test data is not a factor that is likely to increase the test estimate, but rather a factor that is likely to decrease the test estimate. Test data is the data that is used as input or output for the tests. Static test data is test data that is fixed and predefined, and does not change during the test execution. Static test data can decrease the test estimate because it may require less time and effort to create, manage, and maintain, as well as to ensure the validity, reliability, and traceability of the test data.

Reference: 1: ISTQB Glossary, Test Estimate 2: ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager Syllabus, Section 3.1.1 3: What is New Technology? – Definition from Techopedia: The Impact of New Technologies on Software Testing: ISTQB Glossary, Test Documentation: ISTQB Glossary, Experienced-Based Test Technique: ISTQB Glossary, Test Data: ISTQB Glossary, Static Test Data: Test Manager – ISTQB not-for-profit association: [ISTQB Foundation Level #38 C Test Estimation Techniques – Software Testing Mentor]: [What are the estimation techniques in software testing?]

Question #14

Which of the following is a factor that is likely to increase the test estimate? [1]

A . Use of a new technology
B . A requirement for high level test documentation
C . Assigned personnel who are experienced on working with similar projects in similar environments
D . Static test data

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Richtige Antwort: A
A

Explanation:

A test estimate is an approximation of the amount of effort, time, and resources required to perform testing activities for a software project1. A test estimate can be influenced by various factors, such as the size, complexity, and quality of the software, the scope, objectives, and approach of the testing, the skills, experience, and availability of the test team, the tools, methods, and standards used for testing, and the constraints, risks, and assumptions related to the project2. One of the factors that is likely to increase the test estimate is the use of a new technology. A new technology is a technology that is unfamiliar or unproven to the test team or the organization, such as a new programming language, framework, platform, or tool3. The use of a new technology can increase the test estimate because it may require more time and effort to learn, understand, and apply the technology, as well as to deal with potential issues, challenges, or limitations that may arise from the technology.

Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

Option B is incorrect because a requirement for high level test documentation is not a factor that is likely to increase the test estimate, but rather a factor that is likely to increase the test documentation effort. Test documentation is the set of documents that describe the test basis, test objectives, test design, test procedures, test results, and test evaluation of a software project. A requirement for high level test documentation means that the test documents need to be detailed, comprehensive, and consistent, which may require more time and effort to produce, review, and maintain. However, this does not necessarily affect the test estimate, as the test documentation effort can be considered as a separate or parallel activity to the test execution effort.

Option C is incorrect because assigned personnel who are experienced on working with similar projects in similar environments is not a factor that is likely to increase the test estimate, but rather a factor that is likely to decrease the test estimate. Experienced personnel are personnel who have the relevant knowledge, skills, and abilities to perform the testing activities for a software project. Assigned personnel who are experienced on working with similar projects in similar environments can decrease the test estimate because they may require less time and effort to understand, design, implement, and execute the tests, as well as to deal with potential issues, challenges, or limitations that may arise from the project.

Option D is incorrect because static test data is not a factor that is likely to increase the test estimate, but rather a factor that is likely to decrease the test estimate. Test data is the data that is used as input or output for the tests. Static test data is test data that is fixed and predefined, and does not change during the test execution. Static test data can decrease the test estimate because it may require less time and effort to create, manage, and maintain, as well as to ensure the validity, reliability, and traceability of the test data.

Reference: 1: ISTQB Glossary, Test Estimate 2: ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager Syllabus, Section 3.1.1 3: What is New Technology? – Definition from Techopedia: The Impact of New Technologies on Software Testing: ISTQB Glossary, Test Documentation: ISTQB Glossary, Experienced-Based Test Technique: ISTQB Glossary, Test Data: ISTQB Glossary, Static Test Data: Test Manager – ISTQB not-for-profit association: [ISTQB Foundation Level #38 C Test Estimation Techniques – Software Testing Mentor]: [What are the estimation techniques in software testing?]

Question #16

What is the primary use for the traceability information regarding the relationship between test results and test conditions during test execution? [2]

A . The Test Manager uses this information to control the test execution effort.
B . The development manager uses this information to determine how many developer resources to allocate to defect repair.
C . The project manager uses this information to determine if the project is on schedule.
D . The tester uses this information to determine which test should be run next.

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Question #17

Your project manager has requested that you run management reviews in her absence.

Which two of the following might you be expected to do at these reviews?

a. Check for defects in requirements documents.

b. Check the process to see if it passes the assessment.

c. Check the consistency of the project plan.

d. Check compliance by conducting evidential interviews e. Check adequacy of management procedures.

f. Check contractual compliance for a software product Select one correct answer from the options below:

A . c and e.
B . e and f.
C . c and d.
D . a and b.

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Question #18

You are the Test Manager for a critical system and are using a risk-based approach for this project.

Which of the following would most clearly convey the current status to project stakeholders? [3]

A . A scatter chart showing test execution status
B . A Pareto graph showing requirements coverage
C . A pie chart showing residual risk
D . A bar graph showing defect density

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Question #19

You are a newly appointed Test Manager in an organisation that has no separate test team, no formal testing process and testing is considered to be, at best, ad-hoc in approach. The IT director is keen to introduce improvement across all areas of the organisation, not just testing. This is so that the current level of maturity can be assessed and roadmaps outlined for improving processes in a staged way. He has asked you to recommend a test process improvement model and you have suggested TMMi.

Which ONE of the following is a valid reason for your recommendation? SELECT ONE OPTION

A . It provides the fastest way to take testing to an optimized state.
B . It provides bench-marking against industry averages using objective measurements.
C . It helps address highest priority testing issues with limited formality.
D . It naturally complements the IT director’s process improvement goals for the organisation.

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Question #20

In relation to cost of quality, which of the following would be classified as a cost of detection? SELECT ONE OPTION

A . Correcting errors found in a requirements review.
B . Fixing defects found in unit testing.
C . Training developers to write more secure code.
D . Designing test cases and writing test scripts.

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